The most important stations and events in the life of Paul Hindemith, as well as important works, are noted in this biography.
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1895
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Paul Hindemith born on 16 November in Hanau.
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| 1898 |
His sister Toni born on 20 February in Niederrodenbach.
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| 1899 |
Paul Hindemith lives with his grandparents in Naumburg am Queis (Silesia) until being sent to school.
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| 1900 |
His brother Rudolf born on 9 January in Niederrodenbach.
The family moves to Offenbach/Main in July, then in October to Mühlheim/Main.
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| 1902 |
April: sent to school in Mühlheim. Violin instruction from the schoolteacher Eugen Reinhardt.
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| 1905 |
The Hindemith family moves to Frankfurt/Main.
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| 1907 |
Violin instruction from the Swiss violinist Anna Hegner. First appearances of the siblings as “Frankfurt Children’s Trio,” which presents concerts until 1912 during the summer holidays in their father’s Silesian homeland.
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| 1908 |
Anna Hegner leaves Frankfurt and arranges for Hindemith to become a private pupil of Adolf Rebner, violin teacher at Dr. Hoch's Conservatory in Frankfurt/Main. During the winter semester, Hindemith was officially accepted in Rebner’s violin class as a stipend recipient.
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| 1909 |
First contributions to recitals at the Hoch Conservatory.
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| 1912 |
Composition instruction from Arnold Mendelssohn.
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| 1913 |
Composition instruction from Bernhard Sekles.
During the summer months Hindemith is a member of a Swiss spa ensemble which presents spa concerts in Lucerne and Lugano.
From December concertmaster of the Frankfurt operetta theatre “Neues Theater.”
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| 1914 |
During the summer months Hindemith is a member of a spa orchestra in Heiden/Switzerland.
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1915
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Second violin in the Rebner Quartet.
26 April: world premiere of the 1. Streichquartett C-Dur op. 2 (1915) at Dr. Hoch's Conservatory in Frankfurt/Main.
Hindemith receives a violin from the Joseph Joachim Foundation in Berlin.
Concertmaster in the opera orchestra, Frankfurt.
On 25 September Hindemith’s father is killed on the front in Flanders.
In autumn Hindemith receives a prize of 750 marks from the Mendelssohn Bartholdy Foundation in Berlin.
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| 1916 |
28 June: world premiere of the Konzert in Es-Dur für Violoncello und Orchester op. 3 (1916) in Frankfurt/Main.
Lustige Sinfonietta op. 4.
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| 1917 |
Drei Stücke für Violoncello und Klavier op. 8 (1917) published by Breitkopf & Härtel.
13 August: conscription into the “Musketeers.” Hindemith is initially stationed in Frankfurt and then released for his orchestral service.
Drei Gesänge für Sopran und Orchester op. 9; Violinsonate op. 11 Nr. 6.
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| 1918 |
Hindemith is transferred to an infantry regiment in Alsace, as a military musician, on 16 January. From April his unit is stationed in northern France and Belgium, where Hindemith experiences the horror of the war. He is released from military service on 5 December.
The 2. Streichquartett f-Moll op. 10 (partially composed in the field) and the Violinsonaten op. 11 Nr. 1 und 2.
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| 1919 |
2 June: Recital of compositions by Paul Hindemith at the Hoch Conservatory. The young composer catches the attention of the publishing house of B. Schott’s Sons in Mainz. Hindemith’s collaboration with the publishers will continue throughout his life.
In the summer Hindemith changes from second violin to viola in the Rebner-Quartet.
Bratschensonaten op. 11 Nr. 4 und Nr. 5; Melancholie for mezzo soprano and string quartet, op. 13; Drei Hymnen nach Walt Whitman for baritone and piano, op. 14; the piano cycle In einer Nacht… Träume und Erlebnisse op. 15.
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| 1920 |
3. Streichquartett op. 16; Sonate für Klavier op. 17; Lieder mit Klavier op. 18; Tanzstücke für Klavier op. 19.
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| 1921 |
4 June: world premiere of the one-acter Mörder, Hoffnung der Frauen op. 12 (1919) and Das Nusch-Nuschi op. 20 (1920) by Fritz Busch in Stuttgart.
1 August: world premiere of the 3. Streichquartett op. 16 (1920) at the first season of the “Donaueschingen Chamber Music Performances for the Promotion of Contemporary Music.“ The later “Amar Quartet” performs: Licco Amar and Walter Caspar (violins), Paul Hindemith (viola) and Rudolf Hindemith alternating with Maurits Frank (violoncello).
Both premieres make the headlines and bring Hindemith more than local notoriety as an enfant terrible.
Sonate für Violoncello und Klavier op. 11 Nr. 3 (second version); 4. Streichquartett op. 22.
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| 1922 |
Founding of the Amar Quartet, which develops into one of the most important ensembles of the 1920s. Beginning of intensive concertising activity with the Amar Quartet and as a chamber musician.
26 March 1922: world premiere of the complete once-act triptych with Mörder, Hoffnung der Frauen op. 12, Das Nusch-Nuschi op. 20 and Sancta Susanna op. 21 by Ludwig Rottenberg in Frankfurt.
The “Community for Music,” which Hindemith founds with friends in July, is intended to found new forms of concert presentation: “We are convinced that the concert in its present-day form is an institution that must be fought against, and we want to attempt to re-establish the nearly lost community between performers and listeners.” By March 1923, 10 chamber concerts take place within the framework of the “Community for Music;” inflation brings the project to a halt.
Hindemith discovers the viola d’amore for himself, “a simply marvellous instrument which has been completely forgotten and has only a very small body of literature.” Hindemith, who from now on continues to present concerts with early music on historical instruments, belongs to the early pioneers of historical performance practice.
Des Todes Tod op. 23a for woman’s voice accompanied by two violas and two celli; Kammermusik Nr. 1 op. 24a; Die junge Magd op. 23 Nr. 2 for alto voice with flute, clarinet and string quartet; Sonaten op. 25; 1922. Suite für Klavier op. 26; Kleine Kammermusik für fünf Bläser op. 24 Nr. 2; Ballett Der Dämon op. 28.
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| 1923 |
A regular contract with Schott Publishers with regular payment enables Hindemith to leave his post as concertmaster at the Frankfurt Opera.
Member of the programme committee in Donaueschingen.
Hindemith moves into the “Kuhhirtenturm” (Cowherd’s Tower), a tower of the medieval city fortification grounds on the Sachsenhäuser shore of the Main. To fix up the tower, he uses 1000 dollars paid him by the pianist Paul Wittgenstein for the composition of the Klaviermusik mit Orchester (Klavier linke Hand) op. 29.
Das Marienleben op. 27 for soprano and piano; Quintett für Klarinette und Streichquartett op. 30; Sonaten op. 31; Lieder nach alten Texten op. 33; 5. Streichquartett op. 32; Sonate für Violoncello allein op. 25 Nr. 3.
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| 1924 |
15. May marries Gertrud Rottenberg (1900-1967), daughter of Ludwig Rottenberg, the first Kapellmeister of the opera house orchestra in Frankfurt/Main.
July: At Hindemith’s encouragement, works by Arnold Schönberg, Anton Webern and Josef Matthias Hauer are performed at the music festival in Donaueschingen.
Violinsonaten op. 31; Trio für Violine, Bratsche und Cello op. 34; Die Serenaden. Kleine Kantate nach romantischen Texten für Sopran, Oboe, Bratsche und Violoncello op. 35; Kammermusik Nr. 2 op. 36 Nr. 1.
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| 1925 |
Kammermusik Nr. 3 op. 36 Nr. 2; Kammermusik Nr. 4 op. 36 Nr. 3; Klaviermusik op. 37; Konzert für Orchester op. 38; 3 Anekdoten für Radio; Ouvertüre zum Fliegenden Holländer, wie sie eine schlechte Kurkapelle morgens um 7 am Brunnen vom Blatt spielt for string quartet.
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| 1926 |
Contacts with the amateur musicians’ movement “Die Musikantengilde” (The Musicians’ Guild).
9 November: premiere of the opera Cardillac op. 39 by Fritz Busch in Dresden.
Musik für mechanische Instrumente op. 40; Konzertmusik für Blasorchester op. 41; Lieder für Singkreise op. 43 Nr. 2.
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| 1927 |
On 1 May Hindemith is appointed Professor of Composition at the Academy of Music in Berlin. Moves into a furnished flat in Berlin; the Frankfurt Kuhhirtenturm” remains a frequently visited second home until 1938.
July: the Donaueschingen Music Days are continued in Baden-Baden under the designation “German Chamber Music.”
4 to 22 December tour of the Amar Quartet in the USSR with concerts in Leningrad.
Klaviermusik op. 37; Spielmusik op. 43 Nr. 1; Kammermusik Nr. 5 op. 36 Nr. 4; Kammermusik Nr. 6 op. 46 Nr. 1; Hin und zurück op. 45a; Kammermusik Nr. 7 op. 46 Nr. 2; Schulwerk für Instrumental-Zusammenspiel op. 44.
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| 1928 |
Increasing activity as a concert soloist.
October: The Hindemiths move into a flat on Sachsenplatz in the district of Charlottenburg.
18 December to 20 January 1929: concert tour of the Amar Quartet through the USSR with performances in Riga, Leningrad, Moscow, Odessa, Kiev and Kharkow.
Trio für Klavier, Bratsche und Heckelphon op. 47.
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| 1929 |
22 April: Hindemith gives his lat concert as a member of the Amar Quartet in Gelsenkirchen.
Formation of a String Trio in Berlin with Josef Wolfsthal and Emanuel Feuermann.
8 June: world premiere of the opera Neues vom Tage under the direction of Otto Klemperer at the Berlin Krolloper.
The experimental stage work Lehrstück composed in collaboration with Bert Brecht, the radio play Der Lindberghflug together with Brecht and Kurt Weill. Both were premiered in July at the chamber music days in Baden-Baden.
Sing- und Spielmusik op. 45.
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| 1930 |
Hindemith teaches amateur musicians (until 1936) at the Music School Berlin-Neukölln.
Festival “New Music Berlin” is a continuation of the events in Baden-Baden.
Composes Konzertmusik für Streichorchester und Blechbläser op. 50 to a commission from the Boston Symphony Orchestra to celebrate their 50th anniversary.
Kammermusik Nr. 6 op. 46 Nr. 1 (second version); Konzertmusik für Solobratsche und größeres Kammerorchester op. 48; Konzertmusik für Klavier, Blechbläser und Harfen op. 49; Konzertmusik für Streichorchester und Blechbläser op. 50; Männerchöre a cappella; Wir bauen eine Stadt; Des kleinen Elektromusikers Lieblinge for Trautonium.
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| 1931 |
Following the death of Josef Wolfsthal, Szymon Goldberg becomes a member of the String Trio.
Collaboration with Gottfried Benn on the text to the oratorio Das Unaufhörliche.
21 November: world premiere of the work under the direction of Otto Klemperer at the Krolloper in Berlin.
Konzertmusik für ein Trautonium mit Begleitung des Streichorchesters; Stücke für eine und zwei Geigen.
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| 1932 |
In March, Hindemith participates at a congress for Arab music in Cairo, to which Béla Bartók is also invited.
Composition commission for the Philharmonisches Konzert on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra.
Plöner Musiktag.
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| 1933 |
Hindemith’s works are disparaged as “cultural bolshevism” in Germany and eliminated from concert programmes. He himself receives hardly any more engagements in Germany.
Begins work on the text to the opera Mathis der Maler. Until 1936 Hindemith composes an extensive collection of Lieder with piano accompaniment to poems of Matthias Claudius, Friedrich Rückert, Novalis, Wilhelm Busch, Angelus Silesius, Friedrich Hölderlin and Clemens Brentano.
Zweites Trio für Geige, Bratsche und Cello; Konzertstück für zwei Altsaxophone.
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| 1934 |
12 March: world premiere of the Symphonie “Mathis der Maler” by the Berlin Philharmonic under the direction of Wilhelm Furtwängler. The success of the concert triggers a drawn-out, month-long controversy over Hindemith’s work in the press.
20 March: the Goldberg-Hindemith-Feuermann String Trio gives its final performance in Milan.
25 November: Fürtwängler’s article “The Hindemith Case” appears in the „Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung.“
28 November: The article “Why Laurels in Advance for the Booming Composer Hindemith? - Music without Resonance among the People” appears in the Nazi battle-sheet “Der Angriff” (The Attack) published by Joseph Goebbels as an answer to Furtwängler.
4 December: Furtwängler resigns from all his posts.
5 December: Paul Hindemith is suspended.
6 December: assembly of the Reichskulturkammer (Chamber of Culture) at the Berlin Sport Palace, at which the propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels calls Hindemith an “atonal noise-maker.”
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| 1935 |
January and February: Hindemith withdraws to the Black Forest and works on the libretto and music to Mathis der Maler.
Hindemith receives an offer from the Turkish government to reform the education of musicians and music teachers in Turkey.
3 April to 16 May: first sojourn in Turkey.
October: Hindemith resumes his teaching activity at the Berlin Academy, but nevertheless seizes every opportunity to turn his back on Berlin.
14 November: world premiere of the viola concerto Der Schwanendreher in Amsterdam with Paul Hindemith (viola) under the direction of Willem Mengelberg.
Completes the opera Mathis der Maler; Sonate in E for violin and piano.
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| 1936 |
22 January: on the occasion of the death of the England’s King George V. Hindemith (who happens to be on a concert tour in England) composes the Trauermusik for viola and string orchestra within a few hours, which he then performs on the following day with Adrian Boult in London.
2 March to 3 June: second sojourn in Turkey.
In October a ban on Hindemith’s works is issued in Germany.
Composes three piano sonatas and begins work on a series of sonatas for all orchestral instruments in current use which will only be completed in 1955.
Begins the revision of Das Marienleben.
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| 1937 |
29 January to 20 February: third sojourn in Turkey.
Unterweisung im Tonsatz. I: Theoretischer Teil.
22 March: Hindemith submits his resignation to the Academy of Music in Berlin.
24 March to 5 May: first concert tour of the USA. Hindemith gives orchestral and chamber concerts in New York, Boston, Washington, Chicago und Buffalo. Works on the libretto to the ballet Nobilissima Visione in collaboration with the dancer Leonide Massine.
25 September to 25 November: fourth sojourn in Turkey.
5 December: world premiere of the Symphonische Tänze under the direction of Paul Hindemith in London.
Composes the Sonate für Bratsche allein for his own concert use; First and Second Organ Sonatas.
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| 1938 |
9 February to 11 April: second concert tour of the USA; stations include New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, Detroit, Buffalo and New Haven.
May: During the “Reichsmusiktage” in Düsseldorf, the exhibition “Entartete Musik” (Degenerate Music) is shown, at which Hindemith is attacked and disparaged along with Mahler, Schönberg, Krenek and Toch.
28 May: world premiere of the opera Mathis der Maler under the direction of Robert Denzler in Zürich.
21 July: world premiere of the ballet Nobilissima Visione under the direction of Paul Hindemith in London.
August: moves out of flat in Berlin; storage of furniture, books and documents in Berlin as well as in the Frankfurt Kuhhirtenturm.
13 September: world premiere of the orchestral suite Nobilissima Visione under the direction of Paul Hindemith in Venice.
End of September: the Hindemiths settle in Bluche above Sierre in the Swiss canton of Wallis.
Quartett für Klarinette, Geige, Cello und Klavier.
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| 1939 |
28 January to 6 May: third tour of the USA, this time to California as well. He writes the following about the perspectives of working in Hollywood as a film musician: “I think I am rather cured of the idea of working in films here (based on the completely crazy idea of producing something of artistic value). One cannot pursue this seriously.“
Hindemith begins the first preliminary work on an opera about the astronomer Johannes Kepler, which he will later call Die Harmonie der Welt.
Sonate für Bratsche und Klavier; Chöre für vier Männerstimmen; orchestral version of Lieder from Das Marienleben; Konzert für Violine und Orchester; Six Chansons.
Unterweisung im Tonsatz. II: Übungsbuch für den zweistimmigen Satz.
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| 1940 |
4 February: Paul Hindemith leaves Switzerland and goes into exile in the USA. Diverse teaching activity at colleges and universities in New York State.
March: Hindemith ends his career as violist. “I have decided to give up playing in public. If nothing better has come out of it than what comes out of the gramophone, it is no longer worth showing.”
8 and 15 April: lectures at Yale University in New Haven, Conn. on the subject of observations of today’s music.
Hindemith accepts the offer of a half-time position as Professor of Music Theory at the Yale School of Music.
12 September: Gertrud Hindemith arrives in the USA.
22 September: Paul and Gertrud Hindemith move into a house in New Haven, Conn.
28 September: begins teaching at the Yale School of Music.
Sonate für Orgel nach alten Volksliedern; Konzert für Violoncello und Orchester; Symphonie in Es; Theme with Four Variations (according to the four temperaments) for Piano and String Orchestra.
Unterweisung im Tonsatz. I: Theoretischer Teil (erweiterte Ausgabe).
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| 1941 |
6 July to 17 August: summer course with early music at the Berkshire Festival, Tanglewood.
Hindemith obtains a full-time position as Professor of Music Theory at the Yale School of Music and begins teaching on 30 August.
Compositions for teaching.
English version of Übungsbuch für den zweistimmigen Satz als: Exercises in Two-part Writing.
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| 1942 |
Due to the entry of the USA in the war in December 1941, living circumstances now worsen for German emigrants. They are now considered citizens of an enemy state and must put up with certain restrictions (e.g. freedom of travel). The postal service between America and Europe (and thus the exchange of information) almost comes to a standstill.
Hindemith begins an extensive series of Lieder for soprano and piano to texts of German, English, American and French poets.
Sonata for Two Pianos, Four Hands; piano cycle Ludus Tonalis.
English version of Unterweisung im Tonsatz. I as: The Craft of Musical Composition. Book I. Theory.
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| 1943 |
28 October: world premiere of Amor and Psyche under the direction of Eugene Ormandy in Philadelphia, Pa.
The Kuhhirtenturm is damaged during the bombing of Frankfurt; a number of manuscripts from Hindemith’s earlier years are destroyed.
6th String Quartet in E flat; Symphonic Metamorphosis of Themes by Carl Maria von Weber;Ballet Overture Amor and Psyche; adaptation of Monteverdi’s Orfeo.
A Concentrated Course in Traditional Harmony (first edition).
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| 1944 |
Ballet Hérodiade.
A Concentrated Course in Traditional Harmony (second revised and expanded edition; published in German in 194 as: Aufgaben für Harmonieschüler).
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| 1945 |
Awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia.
Beginning of annual concert events with early music, which Hindemith will continue until the end of his teaching activity at Yale University (1953).
1 October: the Hindemiths purchase and move into a house on Alden Avenue in New Haven.
The Juilliard School of Music in New York celebrates his 50th birthday with a concert series at which Hindemith participates as conductor.
7th String Quartet in E flat; Concerto for Piano and Orchestra.
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1946
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11 January: Hindemith becomes an American citizen and can now travel freely.
22 to 26 January: trip to Canada.
First news from Europe reaches the Hindemiths.
3 June to 28 August: concert tour in Mexico.
When Lilacs Last in the Door-Yard Bloom’d. A Requiem “For Those we Love”; Symphonia Serena.
Elementary Training for Musicians (1975 published in German as: Übungsbuch für elementare Musiktheorie).
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| 1947 |
2 April to 23 September: travels to Europe with concerts and lectures in Italy, Switzerland, Holland, Belgium and Austria. A brief private stay in Frankfurt makes possible a reunion with friends and relatives.
Apparebit repentina dies for mixed chorus and brass instruments; Concerto for Clarinet in A and Orchestra.
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| 1948 |
May: Hindemith is awarded an honorary doctorate from Columbia University in New York.
Awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Frankfurt/Main.
5 August: begins second eight-month European tour with stations in England, France, Switzerland, Italy, Germany, Austrian and the Netherlands: concerts and lectures.
Blasseptett.
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| 1949 |
Hindemith travels through Germany on commission from the US military government and draws up a report on the situation of musical life during this post-war period.
1 April: returns to America from Europe.
October: appointed Charles Eliot Norton Professor for Poetry at Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
23 November: death of Hindemith’s mother.
Concerto for Horn and Orchestra; Concerto for Woodwinds, Harp and Orchestra.
Elementary Training for Musicians (Revision of the version of 1946).
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| 1950 |
15 April until 25 September: third European tour with stations in Frankfurt, Berlin, Salzburg and Vienna.
24 May: awarded an honorary doctorate from the Free University, Berlin.
12 September: on the occasion of the Bach Festival of the City of Hamburg, Hindemith delivers the lecture Johann Sebastian Bach – Ein verpflichtendes Erbe (Johann Sebastian Bach – A Legacy with Obligations).
Sinfonietta in E.
Unterweisung im Tonsatz. III: Übungsbuch für den dreistimmigen Satz (published in 1970 from the composer’s estate).
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1951
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From 1 August: stays in Europe until September 1952.
October: During the winter semester Hindemith begins his teaching activity at the University of Zürich; a professorship in musicology has been created there especially for him. Until 1953 he fulfils his teaching obligations there, alternating between Zürich and Yale University.
15 October: moves into a house in Glattfelden near Zürich.
24 November: inaugural lecture.
Symphony in B flat for Concert Band; Symphonie „Die Harmonie der Welt“.
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| 1952 |
7 to 25 February: concert tour in Scandinavia. Hindemith conducts in Göteborg, Stockholm and Oslo.
2 March: awarded the 1951 Hamburg Bach Prize.
May: received into the Ordre Pour le Mérite.
20 June: world premiere of the new version of the opera Cardillac under the direction of Victor Reinshagen in Zürich.
23 September: returns to New Haven.
Publication of the Harvard lectures under the title A Composer's World. Horizons and Limitations (published in German in 1959 as: Komponist in seiner Welt. Weiten und Grenzen).
Concerto for Trumpet, Bassoon and String Orchestra; new version of the opera Cardillac; Sonate für vier Hörner.
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| 1953 |
May: end of teaching activity at Yale University in New Haven.
During the following years until his death, Hindemith undertakes numerous concert tours in many countries of the world.
Moves to Switzerland. From September: residence in Blonay above Lake Geneva. Hindemith writes to Willy Strecker of Schott Publishers on 7 October: “Our new house promises well. It is really a pleasure to have all of one’s things together after so many years.”
Cantata Ite angeli veloces (text by Paul Claudel), Part 3.
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| 1954 |
7 April: world premiere of the new version of the opera Neues vom Tage under the direction of Paul Hindemith in Naples.
23 June: awarded an honorary doctorate from Oxford University.
August to December: concert tour in South America with concerts in Buenos Aires, Montevideo, Cordoba, Bogotá and Sao Paolo.
Revision of the Quintett für Klarinette and Streichquartett op. 30.
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| 1955 |
9 October: awarded the Sibelius Prize in Helsinki.
Cantata Ite angeli veloces Parts 1 and 2; adaptation of Max Reger’s 100th Psalm.
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| 1956 |
4 to 30 April: Concert tour in Japan with the Vienna Symphony Orchestra.
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| 1957 |
11 August: world premiere of the opera Die Harmonie der Welt under the direction of Paul Hindemith in Munich.
December: Hindemith ends his teaching activity at the University of Zürich with seminars on Schönberg’s string quartets and madrigals of Gesualdo.
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| 1958 |
23 September: world premiere of the Oktett in Berlin, at which Hindemith plays the viola in public for the last time.
4 October: awarded the artistic prize of the Province of Nordrhein-Westfalen.
Fünfstimmige Madrigale nach Texten von Josef Weinheber; Pittsburgh Symphony.
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| 1959 |
10 January to 28. February: tour of the USA with concerts in Pittsburgh, Waterville and New York.
8 September: Hindemith conducts the opening concert of the Beethoven-Halle in Bonn.
17 September: Hindemith suffers a sudden feeling of faintness and short-term amnesia during a rehearsal in Oslo.
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| 1960 |
4 February to 17 March: tour in the USA with concerts in New Haven, New York and Washington.
Meets the American dramatist Thornton Wilder, with whom Hindemith develops a concept for a new opera.
Marsch für Orchester über den alten „Schweizerton“.
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| 1961 |
12 July to 8 September: tour in the USA with concerts in Chicago and Santa Fe; Hindemith meets his old friend Igor Stravinsky there once again.
17 December: world premiere of the one-acter Das lange Weihnachtsmahl (based on Thornton Wilder) under the direction of Paul Hindemith in Mannheim.
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| 1962 |
Mainzer Umzug; Concerto for Organ and Orchestra.
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| 1963 |
27 February to 7 May: tour in the USA with concerts in New York, Washington, Chicago and Milwaukee.
10/11 May: awarded the Prix Balzan in Rome.
28 June: lecture Sterbende Gewässer(Dying Waters) at the spring assembly of the Ordre Pour le Mérite in Bonn.
October: concert tour in Italy.
12 November: the world premiere of the Mass for mixed choir a cappella at Piaristenkirche in Vienna under Hindemith’s direction is his last public appearance.
16 November: Hindemith taken ill in Blonay and travels to Frankfurt in search of a doctor there.
24 November: admitted to Marienhospital.
28 December: Hindemith dies in Frankfurt.
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